including

word · lemma: include

/ˌɪnˈkɫudɪŋ/
in-KLOO-ding
/ɪnklˈuːdɪŋ/
in-KLOO-ding

Definition

Used to show that someone or something is part of a group, list, or total. It often introduces examples that are contained within a larger whole.

Usage & Nuances

Common in writing and speech. 'Including' usually adds examples, not a complete list: 'three countries, including Japan' means Japan is one of them. Don't confuse it with 'included', which often comes after a noun: 'tax included'.

Example Sentences

The price is $20, including tax.

basic

Everyone came to the party, including my teacher.

basic

We studied many topics, including animals and plants.

basic

The hotel has everything we need, including free breakfast and Wi-Fi.

natural

A lot of people were affected, including some of my close friends.

natural

She changed her schedule, including moving the meeting to Friday.

natural