Cf Meaning in English

word

US

siː ɛf

SEE-ef

UK

siː ɛf

SEE-ef

Definition

'Cf.' is an abbreviation from Latin meaning 'compare' or 'see also.' It is used in academic writing to direct readers to another place for related information or a comparison.

Usage & Nuances

'Cf.' is formal and almost exclusively used in academic writing, footnotes, or citations. Do not use it in casual emails or conversations. It is usually followed by the work or section being referenced, often at the beginning of a parenthetical citation.

• Spanish: cf (compárese) - véase
• Portuguese (BR): cf (compare) - veja
• Portuguese (PT): cf (compare) - veja
• Chinese (Simplified): cf（参见）
• Chinese (Traditional): cf（參見）
• Hindi: cf (देखें, तुलना करें)
• Arabic: cf (انظر - قارن)
• Bengali: Cf. - তুলনা করুন (শিক্ষাবিষয়ক টীকা)
• Russian: Cf. - см. также (в научных текстах)
• Japanese: Cf. - 参照 - 比較せよ（学術用語・注釈で使用）
• Vietnamese: Cf. - so sánh - tham khảo (chủ yếu dùng trong học thuật)
• Korean: Cf. - 참고 (학술용어) - 비교하라
• Turkish: Cf. - bkz. - karşılaştırınız (akademik kullanımlarda)
• Urdu: Cf. - ملاحظہ کریں (علمی حوالہ جات میں)
• Indonesian: Cf. - bandingkan (istilah akademik) - lihat juga

Example Sentences

Please see cf Smith (2010) for more details.

basic

See the table below (cf Table 2).

basic

For an alternative approach, cf Johnson (2015).

basic

Several studies (cf. Lee 2021) have reached similar conclusions.

natural

The results align with previous reports (cf. Black et al., 2019).

natural

To compare methodologies, cf the discussion in Section 4.

natural