"stripped" in Chinese (Simplified)
被剥去被脱光简化的
Definition
去除了所有覆盖物、装饰或部分；也可指没有多余或不必要的元素。还可以表示完全脱去衣服。
Usage Notes (Chinese (Simplified))
常用于表示简化（如“stripped-down”），或指丢失财产/装饰。也可指脱去衣物（正式或比喻）。注意不要和“striped”（有条纹的）混淆。
Examples
The walls were stripped of all their paint.
墙壁上的油漆都被**剥去**了。
He felt stripped of his rights.
他感到自己的权利被**剥夺**了。
The tree stood stripped in the winter cold.
树在寒冬中**光秃秃**地站着。
This is a stripped-down version of the app, with only the basic features.
这是这个应用的**简化版**，只有基本功能。
After the theft, the house was completely stripped.
失窃后，这房子被**洗劫一空**。
He stripped down to his underwear for the medical exam.
他为体检**脱到只剩内衣**。